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Software [ ] Several software packages have been created to run prisoner's dilemma simulations and tournaments, some of which have available source code.

Real-life examples [ ] These particular examples, involving prisoners and bag switching and so forth, may seem contrived, but there are in fact many examples in human interaction as well as interactions in nature that have the same payoff matrix.

Some comments on "Prisoner's Dilemma: Metagames and other solutions.

According to a 2019 experimental study in the American Economic Review which tested what strategies real-life subjects used in iterated prisoners' dilemma situations with perfect monitoring, the majority of chosen strategies were always defect, , and.

Cooperative choice in decomposed social dilemmas: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Vol 13 1 Mar 1987, 53-63.

If the number of times the game will be played is known to the players, then by two classically rational players will betray each other repeatedly, for the same reasons as the single-shot variant.

Effects of situational, attitudinal, and mediational factors on cooperative behavior: Dissertation Abstracts International.

A simple special case occurs when the advantage of defection over cooperation is independent of what the co-player does and cost of the co-players defection is independent of one's own action, i.

This makes the "both defect" case a weak equilibrium, compared with being a strict equilibrium in the standard prisoner's dilemma.

The prosecutors lack sufficient evidence to convict the pair on the principal charge.

The local convention helps to co-ordinate their actions.